Flat Roof Drainage Systems Explained

Avoid structural damage to your building due to your flat roof drainage system failing to do its job. Knowing how flat roofing systems drain will help you determine a course of action when yours stops working.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered the following information about flat roof drainage systems, their pros, and their cons.

How Do Flat Roofs Drain?

Flat roofs don’t benefit from sloped roofing systems and gravity to assist them with water removal. They require a drainage system to help remove and channel the water. There are three flat roof drainage systems that work in perfect harmony with flat roofs, and each one has its pros and cons:

Scuppers

Scuppers are found on many commercial and residential flat roofs. Scupper drains are equally effective and important as other drain systems. Special attention should be given to their location and installation on flat roofs.

What is a scupper? Scuppers are drain openings placed in low-lying areas on the side of a roof for water drainage. A scupper can be installed through a side wall or a parapet wall.

Scupper Pros:

• No leaf or debris build-up, everything washes away from or blows off the roof
• Water shoots away from the building instead of down the side
• Can add architectural/curb appeal to the roofline with custom-built or molded scuppers
• Minimal cost
• Easy to almost no maintenance required
• No clogging issues if the scupper is large or wide enough

Scupper Cons:

• If downspouts are installed below your scuppers, they will need to be checked and cleaned regularly since they can easily clog.
• Scuppers may not be as effective in severe downpours and seasonal snowmelt.

Scuppers can be easily installed and maintained by your roofing company.

Gutters

The majority of roofing systems are installed with a gutter system for water drainage. This is the most popular drainage system with the goal of draining water from the roof, moving it to the ground, and ejecting it away from the structure’s foundation.

Don’t be misled to think that gutters are not effective for a flat roofing system. Though flat roofs are nearly level in comparison with pitched roofing systems, they are not entirely flat.

They do possess very low slopes that help them drain water. Gutters can collect the water that naturally falls off your roof into an open gutter system. They then channel the water off and away from the home or commercial building. Gutter systems are by far the most cost-effective drainage solution for flat roofs, but they require regular cleanings and periodic maintenance for the best results.

Gutter Pros:

• Inexpensive and common, gutters are the easiest drainage system to find, customize, and install.
• This system helps divert water from inconveniently pouring off the roof in heavier rains, protecting walls, doorways, and windows.
• Gutters, with their downspouts, work wonders in keeping water away from the structure, preventing severe water damage.

Gutter Cons:

• Gutters typically pull away from fascia boards with time.
• Gutters are highly susceptible to debilitating damage from ice, heavy debris, and severe weather.

Gutter drainage systems should be maintained and cleaned multiple times per year (especially prior to and after the rainy season in your region).

Interior Drains

This type of drainage system is often found on the roofs of large buildings, but it may also be used for residential homes. These drain systems are typically built into the structure before the roofing system is installed on it. In this respect, they are like a sink or shower drain. They use an interior system of pipes, are typically found below the roof, and carry water away from the home’s foundation. These drains are commonly located in the center of the roof.

Interior Drain Pros:

• The pipe system is protected by the roof and walls of the building. This minimizes risks of pipe bursts, failure, cracking, or freezing.
• This flat roof drainage system effectively protects your walls and foundation from suffering any severe water damage.
• This drain system is somewhat customizable and can easily boost your curb appeal with custom fittings.

Interior Drain Cons:

• Interior drain installation is the costliest of all flat roof drainage systems.
• While these drains are less susceptible to damage or clogging, you will need to have a professional roofing technician or a certified plumber make any repairs to damage that may occur.
• You’ll need to remain cautious since debris can easily clog up the system. Installing strainers/filters and routinely checking the system can help prevent blockages. If ignored, you may have to deal with standing water on your roof.

The Right Drainage System for Your Flat Roof

Any of these systems can effectively divert water from your flat roof, provided it is correctly installed and properly maintained. It’s important to strongly consider each drainage system’s strengths and weaknesses before making your decision, including cost, durability, and maintenance requirements. When in doubt, consult your roofer and consider your building type and location to help you come up with the best drainage system for your flat roofing system.

Flat Roof Drainage

In this article, you discovered three of the ways flat roofing systems efficiently drain and expel rainwater and snowmelt.

Knowing how your roofing system drains water away can help you determine when your roof may need maintenance, cleaning, and even repairs.

Ignoring your roofing system’s drains can lead to severe structural problems and costly repairs when they stop functioning correctly.

Sources:
web.mit.edu/parmstr/Public/NRCan/CanBldgDigests/cbd151_e.html
digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1069&context=aen_fac
extension.psu.edu/rainwater-cisterns-design-construction-and-treatment

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Asbestos Roofing Removal

Avoid dangerous exposure to carcinogens when your asbestos roofing system needs replacing. Knowing what to look for, then how to test and safely remove a residential or commercial roofing system that contains asbestos will offer an enormous peace of mind, and reduce your risk or liability.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered the following information about what to do when your roofing system containing asbestos gets damaged or fails, the dangers of asbestos exposure, and resources to help you protect your personal and/or workplace safety.

How Do I Know If My Roofing System Contains Asbestos

The most reliable way to tell if some material contains asbestos is to have a certified asbestos inspector collect samples of suspect asbestos-containing roofing materials and submit them to an analytical laboratory for analysis. Remember, all layers and parts of a roof should be sampled. Asbestos may be in one layer or part and not in another.

Tip: The older your roofing system is, the more likely for asbestos to be present.

What is Asbestos

Asbestos is made up of groups of mineral fibers naturally occurring in rocks and soil. Known for its strength, durability, and resistance to fire and water, asbestos was used commonly in various construction applications for the greater part of the 20th century. Asbestos is a thermal and acoustic insulator. It was used to make combustible objects flame retardant. Asbestos fibers are flexible and elastic, long-lasting, and can be spun or woven.

Asbestos Testing

Before starting any demolition, restoration, or repair work on material suspect of being treated or contaminated with asbestos, testing will help you determine how to proceed. Testing can be accomplished by:

• Using a commercially available asbestos testing kit
• Hire a professional, certified asbestos inspector

Tip: The National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) has an online tool to help you locate an accredited local testing laboratory; access the tool for a local testing lab

What Roofing Materials May Contain Asbestos?

Before public awareness of asbestos hazards and Federal regulations/restrictions, asbestos was added during the production of roofing materials to strengthen them, increase their durability, and provide some insulation and fireproofing. The use of asbestos in roofing has declined rapidly since the early 1980s.

The following common roofing products may contain asbestos:

• Adhesives
• Coatings
• Decking
• Felts
• Shingles (asphalt and concrete)
• Underlayment
• Vapor retardants
• Flashing
• Mastics
• Sealants

Why Remove Asbestos Roofing

Several decades ago, asbestos came with a number of construction “conveniences” before awareness of its dangers; it is now accompanied by feelings of concern and terror, as People exposed to the toxin having developed lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma, asbestosis, and other lung diseases and issues.

Why Is Asbestos Bad for My Health

The risk of asbestos depends on the type of product in which it has been incorporated and its state of degradation. Asbestos can be hazardous to human health because microscopic particles persist long after being introduced and can be inhaled when released into the air. Asbestos exposure is linked to higher rates of cancer and incurable asbestos-related illnesses.

Asbestos is released into the air in the form of tiny fibers and lodges itself in the lungs. Its indestructible nature makes it difficult or impossible to expel. Lethal diseases, like asbestosis, lung cancer, or mesothelioma (pleural cancer) can develop. The most harmful effects of asbestos and all its symptoms on the human body sometimes do not manifest for 20 years or more after exposure. Asbestos is one of the leading occupational causes of death.

How Can I Be Exposed to Asbestos

Asbestos fibers may be released into the air by the damage or disturbance of asbestos-containing material during product use, demolition work, building or home maintenance, repair, and remodeling. In general, exposure may occur only when the asbestos-containing material is disturbed or damaged in some way that releases particles and fibers into the air.

Adverse Health Effects from Asbestos Exposure

Exposure to asbestos increases your risk of developing terminal lung disease. That risk is exacerbated by smoking. In general, the greater the exposure to asbestos, the greater the chance of developing harmful health effects.

Asbestos-related medical conditions may be challenging to identify. Healthcare providers usually identify the possibility of asbestos exposure and related health conditions like lung disease by thoroughly evaluating one’s background. This includes looking at the person’s medical, work, cultural, and environmental history.

If a doctor suspects an asbestos-related condition, he or she can use multiple tools to help make a more accurate or pinpointed diagnosis. Some of these tools may be a physical examination, chest x-ray, and pulmonary function exams. Your doctor may also refer you to a specialist who treats diseases caused by asbestos.

Three of the significant health effects associated with asbestos exposure are:

• Lung cancer
• Mesothelioma, a rare form of cancer that is found in the thin lining of the lung, chest, the Abdomen, and heart
• Asbestosis, a severe progressive, long-term, non-cancer disease of the lungs

Note: Asbestos treatment specialists may include surgeons, oncologists, and other experts who specialize in treating pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma.

Asbestos Safety Resources

The following federal resources can help you further understand and adhere to accepted asbestos safety protocols:

• Learn critical details and methods for protecting yourself and others from asbestos exposure
• Find vital information here on the occupational safety and health of asbestos
• Learn more about malignant mesothelioma mortality

Asbestos Roofing Material

In this article, you discovered critical information about how to deal with a damaged or failing roofing system containing asbestos.

Taking swift action to remove or contain damaged asbestos materials will help you protect the health of your visitors, tenants, or neighbors within close proximity.

Neglecting the hazard of damaged asbestos in your roofing system can lead to the inhalation of asbestos fibers and the eventual development of life-threatening respiratory illnesses and/or cancer.

Sources:
epa.gov/asbestos
scdhec.gov/disaster-preparedness/hurricanes-floods/asbestos-removal-safety-homeowners-businesses-after-severe
ehs.msu.edu/enviro/asbestos/asbestos-factsheet.html
ehs.oregonstate.edu/asb-when
cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/mesothelioma.html

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What Is a Soffit – Why You Need It

A soffit is a critical component to prevent decay and eventual roof failure due to excess moisture accumulating in your attic. Discover what else your soffit does to help your roofing system meet its intended life expectancy.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered the following information about what a soffit is, its purpose, and why it is essential to your roofing system’s success.

What Is a Soffit?

When a sloped roof descends from the peak to the exterior walls of a structure, the roof will overhang the structure by 1 to 2 feet. Where you have tiles, shingles, or metal roofing on the topside, the soffit is the component underneath the overhang that protects the rafters, attic space, and roof substrate or decking from excess moisture, severe weather infiltration, potential mold growth and helps your roofing system last for the duration of its intended lifespan.

What Is The Difference Between Soffits and Fascia?

Soffits and fascia are installed together, forming a barrier between external elements and the attic space created by your sloping roofing system. Looking at a structure at street level, you may say the trim around the foot of the roof looks well-done. This “trim” is the fascia. With the soffit underneath the overhang and the fascia closing the gap between the soffit and the roof, the barrier, as mentioned earlier, is formed. These roofing components:

• Deter bee, hornet, and other insect infestations
• Stop wildlife (squirrels, raccoons, cats, etc.) from nesting in your attic
• Prevent water (wind-driven rain) from getting in your attic
• Keep your attic ventilated, preventing a buildup of moist/humid air that could lead to mold, mildew, and rotting problems
• Prevent premature aging of your roofing system

Soffits and fascia, when well-installed, can add to the visual “completeness” of the structure. Thus, adding curb appeal and potentially increasing the property’s overall value.

Note: Gutter systems installed around the foot of a sloped roofing system are typically affixed to the fascia. This is done in a manner that guides water runoff away from the roofing system, doorways, windows, and other vulnerable areas.

Soffit and Fascia Materials

To complement the construction of your home or type of roofing system, you can find soffit panels and fascia boards made from many different materials and finished in a wide variety of colors and textures.

Soffits and fascia are typically made from materials like:

Aluminum – Lasts 20+ years with colors and texture baked in to prevent fading.
Wood – Depending on the wood and maintenance, lasts 5 to 15 years.
UPVC (Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride) – Lasts 10 to 20 years and comes in multiple colors and textures but may fade or become brittle over time.
Vinyl – Similar to uPVC, lasts 10 to 20 years, is available in multiple colors and textures, and can become faded and/or brittle over time.
Steel – Lasts 25+ years with multiple colors and textures that resist fading.
Fibre Cement Board – Lasts 30+ years when properly installed and will never peel, chip, or rot.

Note: As with all roofing materials, the durability of the above-mentioned fluctuates with the quality, thoroughness, and frequency of your maintenance program.

Watch this video to see soffit and fascia trim installation.

Soffit and Fascia Installation and Repair Costs

Generally speaking, you will rarely need to replace all of your soffits and/or fascia. This will usually occur only when your roofing system is replaced.

In cases of roof replacement, soffit and fascia installation (labor and materials) will likely be included in your overall estimate or bid. You can ask for these as detailed line items in your estimate.

Soffit and/or fascia installation or repair will run in the $5 to $25 per linear foot range.

Note: Supply and demand will significantly impact the prices of materials considered commodities (wood materials).

Why Your Home Needs Soffits

In this article, you discovered what soffits are, what they do, and how they contribute to the success and longevity of your roofing system.

Keeping your soffits well-maintained allows them to properly ventilate your home’s attic while keeping moisture, severe weather, and destructive animal or insect infestations from taking years off the life of your roofing system.

Allowing your soffits to deteriorate or go without proper maintenance will lead to severe weather events, animals, insects, and humidity causing sere and costly damage to your roofing system and building structure.

Sources:
energy.ces.ncsu.edu/soffit-defined/
ucanr.edu/sites/Wildfire/Vents/
uvm.edu/~cferreir/131Eave%20Details.pdf

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Pros and Cons of Solar Panels for Commercial Buildings

Avoid paying expensive and erratic electric bills for the operation of your commercial building. Knowing the benefits of installing solar panels on your building will help you make informed decisions when it’s time to switch to solar.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered information on the pros and cons of installing solar panels on your commercial building and answers some frequently asked questions.

Solar Panels for Commercial Buildings

Your commercial building’s flat or sloped roof could be equipped with solar panels, transforming that space into a revenue saving “powerhouse.” Here are the pros of installing solar panels on your commercial building:

Solar Panels Help Your Business Save Money – While installing and setting up solar panels can be quite expensive, these costs are quickly offset by incurring dramatically reduced electricity costs and maintenance fees.

How Much Will Solar Power Reduce My Electric Bill – According to energysage.com commercial property owners can reduce their electricity bill by nearly 90% after installing solar panels.

Converting Your Building to Solar Brings Immediate Marketing Benefits – Installing solar panels on your building allows you to include “green company” in your marketing strategy and branding. As more countries encourage their populations to be less dependent on fossil fuels, your solar panels will make your business a part of a global movement.

Immediately Increase Your Property Value – Once you install solar panels on your commercial building (or in a solar panel garden), your property value instantly increases.

Solar panel capacity is measured in kilowatts, and each kilowatt can be valued in the thousands of dollars. Depending on the capacity of your solar system, your commercial property value may significantly increase. These values vary from state to state.

Installing Solar Panels Unlocks Access to Financial Benefits – The cost of switching to solar energy has dramatically decreased over the past decade and continues to fall as the market expands. Installation and equipment costs can also be offset by state and federal tax credits, rebates, and incentives.

Find policies and incentives by state at dsireusa.org and learn more about federal tax credits at energystar.gov/about/federal_tax_credits/solar_energy_systems

Billing Tenants for Their Energy Usage – If your commercial building has tenants, you can use virtual net metering (VNM) to generate extra revenue by recording the amount of solar energy they use and billing them accordingly.

Solar Panel Garden – In cases where your roof (flat or sloped) is too small or cannot support the extra load, solar panels can be installed in a field, parking lot, or other ground space. These ground-level installations are referred to as solar panel gardens.

Be aware that additional weight / roof load can be problematic and must be considered, read What is Your Commercial Roof Load and Why You Need to Know to determine if adding a solar panel garden is feasible.

Further Energy Savings – If your solar panels produce more energy than your building uses, that excess energy can be stored in batteries or fed back into the power grid. When excess energy is fed back to the power grid, your utility bill receives a credit calculated by the number of kilowatt-hours you gave back.

How Long Do Commercial Solar Panels Last – Commercial solar panels generally have a lifespan of 25 to 30 years. Even after this time, the panels do not stop producing energy. They produce significantly less energy than they did in their prime.

Commercial Solar Panel Installation Cons

While there are numerous advantages to installing solar panels, there are some potential disadvantages, which include:

How Much Do Commercial Solar Panels Cost – While your initial investment can be recovered within a five year period or less, solar panel installation is relatively expensive.

Before incentives and/or rebates, a commercial solar panel system installation can range in cost from $50,000 (25kW) to $200,000 (100kW) and $500,000 (250kW). These costs vary depending on material quality and installation labor.

Note: When installing a solar panel system on an existing structure, the electrical system will have to be reconfigured. In some cases, your roof may need to be upgraded, reinforced, or replaced to support the system.

Weather Systems – Solar energy can still be collected on cloudy or rainy days. However, solar system efficiency (dependent on sunlight) is dramatically reduced during these times.

Space Requirement – The more energy you want to produce, the more solar panels you will have to install. If the number of solar panels you need exceeds your roof’s size or load capacity, you may have to split the system between your roof and a solar panel garden.

Location Obstructions – Your system may not reach its intended capacity if your location is surrounded by tall trees or buildings.

Before installing a solar panel system, you should carefully consider the system’s pros and cons, have a technician perform a full review of your building, electricity requirements, and look for any obstacles that may render your investment a poor one.

Rooftop Solar Panels

In this article, you discovered significant advantages and disadvantages of installing solar panels on your commercial building’s roof.

Installing a solar power system can benefit your company’s image, reduce your dependency on natural resources, and save significant amounts of money over time.

Your reluctance to convert to solar power will result in your company’s complete dependence on your local power grid and the ever more expensive energy it provides.

Sources:
cpuc.ca.gov/general.aspx?id=5408
sfenvironment.org/sites/default/files/fliers/files/solar_at_multitenant_buildings-virtual_net_metering.pdf
energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/01/f70/Guide%20to%20the%20Federal%20Investment%20Tax%20Credit%20for%20Commercial%20Solar%20PV.pdf

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Commercial Roof Replacement

Avoid unexpected, expensive surprises when you replace your worn out commercial roof. By knowing the variable costs in a commercial roofing system replacement, you can ask the right questions to get a more accurate idea of the project cost.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered information about commercial roof replacement, what aspects of the project are variable in cost, what you can expect to spend on a new roofing system, and some of the available commercial roofing types.

Commercial Roofing System Replacement

The replacement of a commercial roofing system is a rare event for building owners and managers. When a roof is installed and maintained correctly, it can last for decades before needing replacement.

The following information will help you reach an informed decision about how to project roof replacement cost variables, and which type of roofing system to install:

Commercial Roof Accessibility

When replacing your commercial roof, access to your property and the roof can impact project costs as much as the roof type. Consider the following:

Commercial Building Height – Roof replacement for a 2-story commercial building will be much less costly than a 10-story commercial building. This is due, in part, to the need for cranes to remove old roofing material and lift new material to the work area.

Access to Building Property – Property access also has an impact on the project. The ability to freely move equipment to the property near the building will influence the logistics and project cost.

Material Storage Areas – Material storage is also a determining factor. Large “lay down” areas near the building facilitate the logistics of the roofing project and can lower its cost.

Building Occupant Safety – Building occupancy can pose a series of challenges to the roofing project. The safety and productivity of the building’s occupants must be considered at all times. If this requires roof replacement activities to occur after regular business hours, additional costs will likely be added to the project.

The easier it is to access your roof, execute the removal of the old roof, and install the new commercial roofing system, the less costly the project will be.

Commercial Roof Substrate Condition

Roof replacement costs can be heavily influenced by the condition of the substrate material. A commercial roof substrate may be composed of:

• A concrete, wood, or metal deck
• Plywood or cover board
• Insulation

Damages to the substrate must be repaired before roof replacement. This cost is a variable, as even the most experienced roofers with the best detection technology may not identify substrate damages until the old roofing materials are removed.

Local, Regional, and State Commercial Roofing Code Requirements

The location of your commercial building may make your roofing system subject to code requirements, including more robust fasteners at more frequent intervals, insulation, substrate, ventilation, and/or slope requirements.

An example of this would be commercial structures along the coast of Florida. Codes in these areas require commercial roofing systems to be designed to withstand higher wind loads. For these roofing systems, more durable fasteners at closer intervals would be required, increasing the cost of the roof replacement project.

Commercial Roof Load-Bearing Capacity

Another crucial factor in determining the cost of replacing your commercial roofing system is the calculation of its dead, live, and transient load capacity.

Calculating your roof load capacity is one of, if not the most crucial aspect when determining the construct of the roof’s substrate and selection of a roofing system. Your roof must be able to support its projected dead load (HVAC units, ducts, vents, exhaust units, etc.), live load (installers, repairmen, and technicians), and transient load (rain, wind, and snow).

Read more about commercial roof loads at atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com/what-is-commercial-roof-load-why-you-need-to-know/

Commercial Roofing Types

No two roofs are the same. Thus, there are several commercial roofing systems to choose from. The following are some of the more popular commercial roofing types, installation information, and typical price range:

TPO, PVC, and EPDM Single-Ply Membrane Systems Can Cost from $3.50 to $8 per square foot

TPO, PVC, and EPDM are all known as single-ply roofing systems, they require fewer installation steps and are installed with a straightforward process:

• The old roofing system is removed
• The substrate is cleared of anything that may damage the selected membrane
• The membrane is rolled out onto the roof
• The membrane is then adhered to the roof using tape, glue, or heat (for thermoplastic material)
• The membrane is also adhered to itself where its edges overlap
• Protrusions are sealed

The time it takes to install a membrane, or single-ply roofing system also depends on the width of the membrane. The wider it is, the fewer seams there are to seal in the roofing system, which also leaves fewer opportunities for leaks and eventual substrate damage.

A BUR/Asphalt System Can Cost from $5 to $9 per square foot

Built-up roofing systems are among the oldest in modern times. BUR systems are durable and effective at resisting leaks while repelling water. The installation process occurs in the following steps:

• The old roofing system is removed
• Base sheets are laid down and attached to the roofing deck
• Felt is then glued to the base sheets using an adhesive, concrete, asphalt, or tar
• Gravel or cap sheets are installed over the felt
• A top layer of asphalt completes the installation

A BUR system creates a robust roof, able to keep severe weather and the elements from entering the building it protects.

A Metal Roofing System Can Cost from $5 to $14 per square foot

One of the most long-lived roofing options (forty + years), metal roofing is also one of the more expensive options. The following details how a metal roofing system is installed:

• The existing roof is removed
• The roof deck is built/prepped (framework and insulation installation)
• The flashing and eaves are installed
• Metal panels are laid out and fastened to the roof deck (fastening depends on which material the panels are composed of; aluminum, copper, steel, etc.)

Metal roofing comes in panels or steel shingles. Steel shingles are installed in the same manner as slate, clay, or concrete shingles.

A Modified Bitumen System Can Cost from $4 to $8 per square foot

Modified bitumen is a result of the evolution of asphalt roofing. It is a form of membrane flat roofing. The system is durable and can sustain substantial foot traffic without wear. The following is the installation processes of a “torch-down” modified bitumen roofing system:

• The existing roof is removed
• The substrate is cleared of any debris
• Heavy roofing felt is rolled out and nailed down
• Flashings and primer are installed
• The first sheet is rolled out along the edge of the roof for trimming and fitting
• The sheet is then rolled back up
• A torch is used to slightly melt the bitumen as the first sheet is rolled back out
• Overlapping sheets are then applied in the same manner until the roof is covered and sealed

Before selecting modified bitumen, verify that the existing substrate is compatible. Improper adhesion can lead to leaks and likely failure of the new modified bitumen system.

Disclaimer: The preceding price ranges are for comparative purposes only and should not be considered a part of any bid or quote for roofing installation, repair, or replacement.

Replacing Your Commercial Roofing System

In this article, you discovered information about replacing a commercial roofing system, the variables involved in calculating the cost, and commercial roofing types with their price ranges.

By knowing what to look for in a commercial roofing replacement estimate, you can avoid surprises by asking informed questions about installation variables.

When you choose to rely solely on a contractor’s bid or estimate, you may be in for a surprise when unforeseen damages and difficulties cause your roofing project to go quickly over budget.

Sources:
asphaltroofing.org/bur-multi-ply-built-up-roofing/
roofcalc.org/metal-roofing-prices/
nrc.gov/docs/ML1214/ML12146A122.pdf

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Commercial Flat Roof Problems And Solutions

Allowing problems with your commercial flat roof to persist, may cause it to fail, resulting in devastating financial and productivity losses. Knowing how to address and solve problems with your flat roof will help it far exceed its life expectancy and save you money in the long run.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered information about commercial flat roof problems and what you can do to solve them.

Ponding Water – Flat Roof Problem

The majority of flat roofs are not “flat.” They have just enough of a pitch or slope to drain water from the roof. When water is obstructed by debris or misdirected by damages in the roof, it will naturally find low points in the roof to pond.

If ponding water is left on the roof, it can cause leaks, moss, and algae growth and result in severe damages to the roofing system.

Ponding Water Solutions – The following are actions you can take to correct and prevent water from ponding on your flat roof:

• Keep the roofing system, and all drains free from debris and stored equipment/supplies
• Inspect your roof frequently and immediately after severe weather
• Maintain a commercial roofing maintenance program
• Immediately call for repairs when you detect a problem with your roof (no matter how insignificant it may appear to be)

Read more about commercial roofing programs and services at atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com/maintenance-programs-services/

Tip: If your roofing system uses downspouts, check the entry at the roof connection and the exit at ground level. Make sure they are free of debris or anything that could block water from exiting the roof.

Debris – Flat Roof Problem

When debris (leaves, branches, dust, pollen, etc.) collect on your commercial flat roof, the damages they cause can grow exponentially if not removed quickly.

Debris can clog drains, create barriers that pond water, scratch or tear your roofing system membrane, hold moisture, and deteriorate the roof beneath.

Debris Solutions – The following actions will help you eliminate debris from accumulating and damaging your commercial roofing system:

• Hire a tree service to prune your trees away from the roof and remove dead or diseased limbs
• Inspect your roof frequently
• Create a roof cleaning (clearing) schedule that occurs between regular maintenance visits
• Avoid storing equipment and/or supplies on your roof

Note: When any equipment maintenance is performed on the roof, inspect the work and surrounding area upon its completion to ensure no tools or parts were left behind or unsecured.

Buckling – Flat Roof Problem

Buckling can occur if your commercial structure settles or shifts. A flat roof’s integrity relies on a continuous membrane, and that membrane will settle and shift with your structure, potentially causing it to buckle. The membrane may also buckle if your commercial flat roof was poorly installed.

Buckling Solutions – Your first line of defense from a buckling roof membrane is early detection. This can be achieved by:

• Maintaining your commercial roofing maintenance program
• Following a frequent inspection schedule
• If you suspect that the building has settled or shifted, you should consult an engineer and have a building inspection performed.
• If you suspect that your roofing system is defective, consult your roofer and hold the installers accountable for their work.

Note: The impact of a tree falling on your building, a vehicle crashing into it, or heavy objects carried by severe weather systems can cause this commercial flat roof problem as well.

Shrinkage – Flat Roof Problem

Also known as “alligatoring,” shrinkage occurs in regions where temperatures fluctuate from extremely cold to extremely hot and cause a flat roof membrane to crack, tear, and literally pull itself apart at its seams.

Shrinkage Solutions – While we cannot control the weather, like buckling, early detection of this problem is how to stop it or slow it down. Increase your roof inspection schedule during:

• Seasons with temperature swings between extreme cold and extreme heat
• Rainy seasons accompanied by hot weather

Note: Neglecting a shrinkage problem will lead to severe structural damage, leaks, and the potential failure of the entire roofing system.

Leaks – Flat Roof Problem

Leaks in your commercial flat roof can be caused by ponding water, debris, buckling, shrinkage, poor maintenance, improper installation, and much, much more.

Solutions for Leaks – You can solve leak issues on your commercial roof by eliminating the factors that cause them. However, one of your most essential tools in leak fixing and prevention is routine preventative maintenance.

For more information about commercial roofing leak problems, visit atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com/3-leaky-roof-causes-solutions/

Flat Roof Problems

In this article, you discovered several commercial flat roof problems and what actions you can take to solve them.

By regularly inspecting and quickly resolving your flat roof problems, you may be adding years to the life of your roof, protecting your business operations, and maximizing your roofing investment.

Ignoring roofing problems or procrastinating solving them can result in catastrophic damages to your commercial property, workflow interruption, and significant financial losses.

Sources:
nachi.org/roofs.htm
thehelpfulengineer.com/index.php/2011/12/flat-roofs-common-problems-and-solutions/
citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.680.9641&rep=rep1&type=pdf

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Preventing Ice Dams and Commercial Roof Damage

Don’t let ice dams cause expensive damages to your commercial roofing system and building. Preventing ice dams will save your company from dealing with annoying leaks, structural damages, and significant roof repair costs.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered information about ice dams, how they form, the damage they can cause, and what you can do to prevent them.

Ice Dams on Commercial Roofs

Ice dams are ridges of solid ice that form along the edge of a roof and prevent water from draining off of it. Water backed up behind the ice dam can leak into the structure, causing damage to ceilings, walls, insulation, electrical wiring, etc.

We cannot control the weather, but we can control the engineering used to construct/protect buildings and the roofing systems that cover them. The first step to preventing ice dams is to understand the process by which they form.

How Ice Dams Form

Ice dams form when a series of four conditions coincide. The following are those conditions:

1. There must be snow or ice on the roof
2. The higher elevated portion of the roof must be above 32 degrees Fahrenheit
3. The lower elevated surface (along the edge of the roof) must be below 32 degrees Fahrenheit
4. The outside temperature must also be below 32 degrees Fahrenheit

The snow or ice accumulated on the higher part of the roof will melt. As the water descends, it will reach the portion of the roof below 32 degrees and refreeze. As this process repeats, the ice dam grows in size until water begins to back up on the roof.

You may be asking how your roof can be two different temperatures. The answer to this lies in the inefficiencies of your roofing system’s insulation. When your roofing system lacks proper insulation beneath it, heat from your structure rises to warm the higher portion of the roof by one of three ways:

Conduction – Heat moving through material. An example of conduction is heat moving from the bottom of a cast-iron skillet to the handle.

Convection – Rising air carries heat upward. If you put your hand above the skillet, you can feel the heat rising.

Radiation – Electromagnetic waves also carry heat. We see this process (on a grand scale) every time we stand outside on a sunny day and feel the warmth of the sun.

This temperature variance can also occur due to the following:

Heat Loss – Poorly installed ceiling fixtures, wire penetrations, and panels allow warm air to flow upward.

Chimneys – Poorly insulated chimney or stove stacks will carry heat directly to the ceiling, exacerbating this temperature variance.

Exhaust Systems – When exhaust systems that terminate just above the roof, they can contribute to snow and ice melting.

While the above factors raise the temperature of the roof, the extremities of the roof remain fully exposed to freezing temperatures. As the edge of the roof remains below 32 degrees, melting snow or ice refreezes and forms an ice dam.

How to Prevent Ice Dams

Ice dam prevention is straight forward and begins by making your building more heat efficient. Make the ceiling airtight to prevent warm air from rising to the roof by convection. After resolving warm air leakage, contract a trusted roofing company to increase or replace the ceiling/roof insulation to reduce heat loss by conduction.

Temporary solutions include the following:

• Remove snow from the roof using a roof rake or push broom. This solution may result in damages to roofing materials.

• When pooled water is entering your building, use a hose to create channels through the ice dam, allowing the backed up water to escape. This solution is temporary and becomes ineffective within a day or two.

Damage Caused by Ice Dams

There are two ways ice dams damage your roof:

Freezing Water – When water freezes, it expands. As water descends to the extremities of your roof, it gets inside crevices and between layers of roofing material.

When that water freezes, it tears seals apart and loosens fastening points along the edge of the roof.

Pooling Water – Water that pools up behind an ice dam will eventually make its way through the roofing system and into your building. This moisture can cause the following:

• Building structural damage
• Insulation damage
• Drywall/ceiling damage
• Electrical system damage
• Flooding (in extreme cases)
• Mold and mildew growth
• Roof leaks/damage

Whatever course of action you decide to take, focus on the factors that cause ice dams. Repairing your building after it has been damaged, can be far more costly than taking measures to prevent ice dams.

Ice Dam Prevention

In this article, you discovered how ice dams form, the damages they cause, and how to prevent them.

By taking action to correct the cause of ice dam formation, you will prevent substantial roof damage, structural damages, and make your building more heat efficient in the process.

If you choose to ignore the formation of ice dams on your roofing system, you are exposing yourself to costly roof and building repairs.

Sources:
extension.umn.edu/protecting-home-rain-and-ice/dealing-and-preventing-ice-dams
bct.eco.umass.edu/publications/articles/preventing-ice-dams/
canr.msu.edu/news/tips_to_prevent_ice_dams_from_forming_on_your_home

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Pros and Cons for 3 Types of Commercial Roofing Systems

Avoid investing your money in the wrong roofing system. Each roofing system has advantages and disadvantages you should be aware of before making this capital investment.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered detailed information about three of the common commercial roofing systems, and their benefits and disadvantages.

Metal Roofing System Pros and Cons

Metal roofing systems are built to last, and depending on your region and property type, could be the only roofing system your commercial building may ever need. Here are some of the pros and cons to consider before committing to a metal roof.

Metal roofing system pros:

Longevity – Correctly installed and maintained, metal roofing can last as long as the building it covers (70 years or more).

Weather Resistant – Metal roofing It is highly resistant to rainwater, rot, mold, mildew, and can withstand immense pressure from accumulated snowfall.

Product Warranty – While warranties may vary, some companies will cover a metal roof installation for up to 50 years.

Fire Resistant – Metal roofing materials are noncombustible and resist fire.

Some metal roofing cons include:

Cost – Probably the most significant disadvantage, a metal roofing system can cost anywhere from $900 – $1,200 per 100 sq. feet.*

When the durability and longevity of metal roofing are factored in, the investment is more than justified. As previously stated, a properly installed and maintained metal roofing system can last as long as the structure below it.

Denting – When the necessity arises to service chimneys, satellite dishes, HVAC units, or generators, the serviceman or technician may dent your roof.

Likewise, if the gauge (thickness) of the roofing is too low in a region prone to hail storms, severe denting can occur during violent hail storms.

Noise – Metal roofing systems without sufficient insulation can get loud during rain or hail storms.

If you’re leaning towards a metal roof, read Metal Roofing Advantages and Disadvantages for a more in-depth article.

Built-Up Roofing System Pros and Cons

For more than a century, built-up roofing (BUR) systems have been a popular choice in the U.S. for commercial roofing systems.

This system is comprised of alternating layers of tar or asphalt and support materials layered on the roof, with the final one consisting of stone or gravel.

Built-up roofing system pros:

Longevity – A BUR system can last 30 to 40 years when properly installed and maintained.

Waterproof – There are no joints or seams; the roofing system is one continuous surface.

Low-Maintenance – After installation, minimal attention and servicing are required, as BUR systems are installed in large sheets with a low profile as compared to other roofing systems.

Cost – Installation and material costs can range between $500 to $800 per 100 sq. feet* or more depending on the number of layers and materials you choose.

UV Protection – BUR systems provide excellent ultra-violet protection, which reduces roof temperatures and prevents extreme temperature fluctuations within the building. UV protection also prevents the drying out and break down of roofing system materials.

Some built-up roofing cons include:

Safety – During installation, hazardous fumes and vapors are present.

Weight – BUR systems add significant weight to a building’s structure.

Learn more about commercial roof load-bearing capacity by reading atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com/what-is-commercial-roof-load-why-you-need-to-know/

TPO Roofing System Pros and Cons

Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) is a single-ply roofing system fully adhered and mechanically attached or ballasted to a roof.

TPO roofing system pros:

Longevity – TPO roofing has a (current) life expectancy of about 30 years. However, this roofing system has only been available for 30 years, and with significant improvements over the decades, TPO may last much longer.

Wind Resistant – When properly installed, TPO roofing systems receive high wind ratings.

Installation – TPO roofing system installation, when completed by an experienced roofing company, is fast, clean, and practically nonintrusive.

TPO roofing cons include:

Pooling Water – When the roof slope is too low, water may pool and cause an acceleration of the material’s degradation.

Cost – Installation and material costs can range between $600 to $1,400 per 100 sq. feet* or more depending on tear-off costs and selected materials.

Seam Separation – Poor seam welding can result in seam separation, allowing water into the structure.

Read more about TPO roofing systems at atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com/tpo-roofing-system-explained/

Commercial Roofing Types

Before committing thousands of dollars for a new roof, take the time to familiarize yourself with different types of available roofing systems for your building.

In this article, you discovered information about 3 commercial roofing system options, their durability, price ranges, and other essential pros and cons.

Avoid making a poor decision when selecting a roofing system for your commercial building. Learn as much as you can about available commercial roofing systems in your area, and your local roofers,

*Costs related to roofing materials, tear-offs, and installations mentioned in this article are approximations NOT QUOTES. Visit atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com for further information.

Sources:
everybodyneedsaroof.com/thermoplastic-membranes
asphaltroofing.org/bur-multi-ply-built-up-roofing/
cchrc.org/sites/default/files/docs/metal_roofing.pdf

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Commercial Roof Storm Damage and Insurance Claims

Is your commercial roof damaged and leaking from storm damage? When the time comes for the insurance company to pay for repairs, know how storms damage commercial roofing to ensure you are getting your maximum payout.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered information on damages caused by different weather events and how to stop your insurance company from underpaying your claim.

Storms and Commercial Roof Damage

Depending on the severity and duration of a storm, the extent of damages to your commercial roof may vary. The following are types of storms that can cause catastrophic losses:

Roof Damage from Rain Storms

Heavy rainstorms put a roof to the test, exposing its vulnerabilities and flaws. During a rainstorm, be on the lookout for:

• Leaks in the corners of the structure.
• Water coming through vents, skylights, and other roof penetrations.
• Wet spots in the ceiling.

If there is a problem with the roof’s drainage, water may pool on the roof, adding weight to the roofing system and accelerating deterioration of roofing materials, leading to the failure of the roofing system.

Roof Damage from Wind Storms

Wind storms are capable of causing both hidden and visible damage to your roofing system, such as:

• Lift (This is suction created as wind blows over your roof).
• Blowing equipment over, breaking, puncturing, or tearing portions of the roofing material.
• Blowing damaging debris onto and across the roof.
• Causing overhanging trees to scrape or fall onto the roof.

The majority of wind damage doesn’t become evident until the next rainfall, when water leaks through the roofing system.

Roof Damage from Hail Storms

Hail storms are fast, violent, and accompanied by high wind. They can cause significant damage to roofing systems, structures, vegetation, vehicles, or anything left unsheltered. After a hail storm has passed look for the following:

• Pockmarks, dents, and cracks along seams, fastening points, and flashing.
• Damage to gutters and downspouts. Large cracks or dents can compromise their function.
• Damage to equipment mounts and roof penetrations.
• Fallen trees, branches, and other debris potentially cracking, puncturing, or tearing roofing material.
• Significant accumulations of hail adding weight to the roofing system.

Pea-sized or marble-sized hail may not cause any obvious damage. Sizes reaching that of a dime or a quarter can cause significant damage. However, when the size of the hail reaches that of a golf ball or a softball, catastrophic damages are likely to occur.

Roof Damage from Tornadoes

The concentrated winds and updraft of a tornado are capable of turning any, and everything unanchored into a lethal projectile. Rated on the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale from 0 to 5, tornadoes may cause the following damages:

• Partial or complete removal of a roofing system.
• Lift and damage to membrane seals and flashing.
• Gutters and downspouts ripped away.
• Equipment unanchored and dragged across the roof.
• Projectiles (trees, road signs, vehicles, etc.) thrust onto the roof.
• Partial or total destruction of the building.

To learn more about the Enhanced Fujita scale, visit spc.noaa.gov/efscale/

Roof Damage from Hurricanes

Potentially the most damaging of storms are hurricanes. They pack the winds of tornadoes with the destructive force of the heaviest of rain storms.

• Partial or complete removal of a roofing system with catastrophic flooding as a result.
• Lift and damage to membrane seals and flashing.
• Gutters and downspouts overloaded and potentially ripped away.
• Wind-driven rain can be forced beneath roofing material and flashings causing interior damage and leaks without damaging the roof covering.
• Projectiles can be thrust onto the roof.
• Blockages in the draining system may cause water to accumulate, overloading the roof weight capacity, and collapsing it.

Hurricanes are ranked from Category 1, with winds of 74-95 mph, to Category 5, with winds of 157 mph or more. Category 5 hurricanes are capable of severely damaging a city’s entire infrastructure, making areas uninhabitable for weeks or even months.

Visit the Storm Prediction Center, as preemptive action and awareness of hurricanes, tornadoes, and storms can help protect and prepare your property for violent weather damage.

Roof Damage from Extreme Heat Waves

Heat waves can cause a particular type of roof damage. Extreme or prolonged periods of heat can cause roofing material to expand, and as temperatures cool at night, the expanded materials contract. As this process of expansion and contraction repeats, the following damages may occur:

• Cracking or loss of flashing seal
• Opening of seams or welds
• Tearing, shrinking, or pulling apart of roofing membranes

While all roofing systems are vulnerable to shrinkage, TPO, EPDM, and some PVC membrane systems are particularly susceptible and suffer more significant heat-related damages.

Learn more about this and “5 Must Know Commercial Roofing Problems and Solutions”
at atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com/5-must-know-commercial-roofing-problems-solutions/

Insurance Claims after Storm Damage

After a storm has passed and damages are detected, it’s time to act. The longer you wait to file a claim, the more you risk having your claim underpaid or denied.

The following will help you file an insurance claim for a storm-damaged commercial roof:

Documentation of the damage – Hire a professional roofing contractor to perform a roofing system inspection, and document every aspect of the damage with photos, video, and narrative descriptions.

Filing the claim – Once the inspection is complete, the roofer who performed the inspection can help you assemble the claim and submit it. This part of the process is straightforward and can usually be completed on your insurer’s website or by contacting a claims representative.

Inspection by the insurer’s adjuster – your insurer will send their own adjuster to evaluate the damage. When possible, invite your roofer to the inspection site to advocate and represent your interest to the insurance adjuster.

Approval, refusal, and negotiations – if the insurance company’s adjuster approves your claim, you will receive damage compensation. If refused or only partially approved, your roofer or a public insurance adjuster can help you negotiate better terms before reaching a final settlement.

Commercial Roof Repair after Storm Damage

Knowing how storms damage a roof can help you file your claim and recover the money necessary to restore your property correctly.

In this article, you discovered how different severe weather events can damage a roofing system, the process for filing an insurance claim, and how to prevent your insurance company from underpaying your claim.

If your commercial roofing system is leaking after a storm, identify all potential damages, and promptly file your claim to ensure the proper repair and settlement is achieved.

Sources:
https://www.spc.noaa.gov/efscale/
https://www.weather.gov/mfl/saffirsimpson
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.558.184&rep=rep1&type=pdf

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3 Leaky Roof Causes and Solutions

The materials, and equipment found on a commercial roof are susceptible to the elements, leaks and costly damage. Taking measures to fix and prevent that damage, can save a ton of money and dramatically extend the life of your commercial roofing system.

atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com gathered information about 3 common commercial roof leak causes, solutions, and how to prevent them altogether.

Commercial Roofing Penetration and Leaks

Industry-wide, the most common roofing complaints are for leaking roofing systems. Commercial roof penetrations are often the culprit and may include vent pipes, drains, wiring connections, or any related equipment that creates an opening or hole in the roofing system.

Cause – Leaks generally occur around the penetration or joint, and when its waterproofing (flashing, pitch pans, etc.) are poorly or improperly installed. However, severe weather events and nuisance wildlife can compromise the integrity of the installation.

Solution – After discovering which penetration is causing the leak, one of the following should be repaired or replaced:

• Flashing – The waterproof layer of material keeping water from leaking through joints, vents, or appliance connection points. Read more about Types and Purpose of Commercial Roof Flashing at atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com/types-purpose-flashing/
• Pitch Pans – Used as sealants around rooftop penetrations and pipes exiting through a roof.

Depending on the roofing system, the combination of a pitch pan and flashing may be necessary to seal the penetration.

Make sure to verify that the object penetrating the roofing system is firmly held in place. The slightest vibration or movement over time will cancel out even the best waterproofing, allowing water into your property.

Poor Commercial Roofing System Installation (Bad Contractor)

If your roofing system was poorly installed, you can expect to experience everything from minor/major leaks, and partial or complete failure if your contractor neglected quality control checks, manufacturers guidelines, or necessary procedures.

Cause – Poor commercial roofing installations are generally the result of inexperienced, unqualified, or negligent contractors who cut corners, rush through installations, and neglect manufacturers and general safety guidelines.

Solution – Use strict guidelines when vetting roofing contractors to repair or replace a roofing system. To qualify a roofing company, do the following:

• Check the company’s references.
• Visit locations of their previous installations.
• Read through their online reviews.
• Search for complaints and resolutions through the Better Business Bureau at bbb.org.
• Verify the company’s license to operate in your city.
• Request proof of insurance coverage.
• (Once contracted) Request copies of all permits attained to allow the lawful repair or replacement of your roofing system.
• Request information about their warranty policy.

Reputable roofing contractors will make all of this readily available for your review.

If you suspect that your roof was poorly installed, have it inspected and thoroughly documented to hold the roofing company accountable for the repair or replacement of their faulty work.

You can learn more about common Mistakes that Most Roofers Won’t Tell You by visiting atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com/15-mistakes-roofers-wont-tell-you/

Commercial Roofing System Scrapes, Punctures, and Holes

TPO, EPDM, and PVC membrane systems are vulnerable to being scraped, punctured, and developing holes that go unnoticed until severe damage has occurred.

Cause – The causes for scrapes, punctures, and holes in your roofing system may include:

• Storm Debris
• Foot Traffic
• Equipment Maintenance, Repair, and Replacement
• Wildlife
• Poor Roof Installation
• Defective Material
• Inferior Quality Repairs or Patchwork

Over time, this type of damage can lead to rotting or destabilizing your roofing system’s support structure. This can result in catastrophic loss if it leads to a complete roofing system failure.

Solution – The following measures will help prevent scrapes, punctures, and holes from causing significant damages to your building:

• Install raised walkways, rooftop pavers, or walk pads from roof access points to machinery and equipment.
• Have pathways reinforced where walkways are not possible.
• Schedule thorough inspections after equipment maintenance, severe weather events, or the discovery of wildlife activity.
• Restrict roof access to maintenance and technical crew members.
• Have the roof inspected annually for signs of shrinkage, expansion, weathering, or other signs of trouble.

If left unmanaged, this type of damage has the potential to void the manufacturers and maintenance warranties.

When having your roof repaired, the expansion and contraction of materials from temperature and weather conditions must be taken into account. In many cases, the source of a leaky roof is the poor or inadequate repair of a previous issue.

Leaky Roof Prevention

Among the best measures of leak prevention for a roofing system is not to ignore it. Routine inspections and a roof maintenance plan are far less costly than a partial or total roof replacement.

Take immediate action when damage occurs. Problems with roofing systems don’t go away on their own, and are exacerbated when avoided or repairs are delayed.

Commercial Roof Leaks

If you don’t know how to address these common leaky roof issues, your building could be severely compromised and require extensive repairs well before its time.

In this article, you discovered 3 common leaky roof scenarios, what causes them, and how to quickly solve them.

Allowing problems with your leaking roof to persist will lead to structural damages, rot, mold, mildew, and very costly repairs. In the case of roofing systems, everything you can do to fix and prevent leaks is far less expensive than repairing structural damage to the building or having to replace your roof entirely.

Sources:
https://www.copper.org/applications/architecture/arch_dhb/arch-details/flashings_copings/roof_penetrations.html
https://www.nachi.org/roofs.htm

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